AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL AND AERODROME DESIGN 2mark questions and answers

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL AND AERODROME DESIGN

1.      What is the aim of Air Traffic Control?

The main objective of ATCS is to prevent collision between the aircraft on the maneuvering area and to provide advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flight.

ATCS is divided in to three types:

1. Air control service

2. Approach control service

3. Aerodrome control service.

2.      What is meant by visual approach?

Visual approach. An approach by an IFR flight when either part or all of an instrument approach procedure is not completed and the approach is executed in visual reference to terrain.

3.      Explain the purpose of RNP?

RNP: (REQUIRED NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE):

It is a value which expresses the usage of navigational aid in nautical miles (NM) from the intended portion of the aircraft to the 95% of flying area is called as required navigation performance

4.      Define the first step of flight plan.

Information relative to an intended flight (or) position of a flight to be provided to the ATS unit should be in the form of flight plan. The flight plan should consist the first step is,

1. MAXIMUM TIME ELASPED.

5.      List the uses of radar in area of control services.

i.                    It locates the affected aircraft.

ii.                  It indicates aircraft bomb threat/

6.      What is traffic advisory?

A service provided within advisory airspace to ensure separation between the aircraft operating in the IFR region is called as Air traffic advisory service. (ATAS)

7.      Define Aerodrome reference code.

The code which is used to identify the aerodrome when the aircraft is on air is called as aerodrome reference code.

This code is composed of two elements:

ELEMENT 1:

It gives the reference field length of the aeroplane.

EX: 1, 2, 3, 4,

ELEMENT 2:

It is based on the aeroplane wingspan and outer main gear wheel span.

EX:   A to F

8.      What is aerodrome elevation?

The aerodrome elevation points are measured in order to study about the surface of aerodrome. This will be reported to the aerodrome information service.

It is measured at every one-half meter for non-precision runway and one-quarter metre for precision runway.

9.      Define VASI.

VISUAL APPROACH SLOPE INDICATOR SYSTEM [VASIS]:

Ø  The T-VASIS consists of 20 light units symmetrically disposed about the centre runway line.

Ø  It forms of two wing bars of four lights each with a bisecting longitudinal lines of 6 lights.

10.  Every PPI is equipped with video map selector.(true/false)

False since it consists of only two light wing bar system placed at left hand side of the runway.

QUESTION PAPER-II

1.       What is VFR?

 Visual flight rules (VFR) can be applied in an aircraft when the flight conditions on air and on ground are visually known to the pilot.  The aircrafts which are obeying Visual Flight rules (VFR) are called VFR flights

2.       Enumerate the various kinds of separation.

There are two types of separations used in aircrafts inorder to avoid collisions between the aircraft.

1. Vertical separation

2. Horizontal separation

VERTICAL SEPARATION:

It is obtained by using prescribed altimeter setting procedures to operate the aircraft at different altitudes.

The minimum vertical separation from the sea level to the aircraft is 300m. The nominal vertical separation level is 600 m.

HORIZONTAL SEPARATION:

There are two kinds of horizontal separation

1. LATERAL SEPARATION

2. LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION.

LATERAL SEPARATION:

The lateral separation of the aircraft is obtained by requiring operations on the different routes (or) different geographical locations as determined by the visual observations, use of navigational aids or by using of area navigational aids.

LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION:

The longitudinal separation of the aircraft can be obtained by seriously looking the different aircrafts running around the reference axis of the particular aircraft.

3.       What is RNAV?

REFERENCE AREA NAVIGATION:

A method of navigation which permits the aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage area of appropriate ATS is called as reference area navigation. The route which is followed along with navigational aids is called as area navigation route.

4.       What is the purpose of ATC clearance?

Clearances are issued to maintain orderly flow of aircrafts and to provide exact separation between them in order to avoid the air traffic.

5.       Distinguish between primary radar and secondary radar.

Primary radar. A radar system which uses reflected radio

Signals.

Secondary radar. A radar system wherein a radio signal

transmitted from the radar station initiates the transmission

            of a radio signal from another station.

6.       What does the term Aerodrome Reference Point refer to?

The aerodrome reference point shall be located near the geometric centre of the aerodrome. This reference point is given in degrees, minutes and seconds

7.       What is meant by alerting service?

It is useful during emergency conditions and also it will provide information about the flight during search and service operations.

8.       Differentiate between primary runway and secondary runway.

NON-PRECISION APPROACH RUNWAY (PRIMARY RUNWAY)

An instrument runway served by visual aids for providing directional guidance is called as non-precision approach runway.

PRECISION APPROACH RUNWAY (SECONDARY RUNWAY)

An instrument runway served by instrument landing system and visual aids for providing directional guidance is called as precision approach runway.

9.      State the characteristics of signal area.

An area on an aerodrome used for the display of ground signals is known as signal area.

10.  Define VASI.

VISUAL APPROACH SLOPE INDICATOR SYSTEM [VASIS]:

o   The T-VASIS consists of 20 light units symmetrically disposed about the centre runway line.

o   It forms of two wing bars of four lights each with a bisecting longitudinal lines of 6 lights.

QUESTION PAPER-III

1.       What are air traffic rules?

Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Services (PANS-RAC) are the result of the progressive evolution of the Procedures for Air Navigation Services.

2.       What is meant by controlled and non controlled air space?

CONTROLLED AIRSPACE:

It provides details to the pilot about the nearest ATC and about the original ATC tower.  By this the pilot can contact the ATC and can attain information from that ATC.

NON CONTROLLED AIRSPACE:

It provides details to the pilot about the fairest ATC and about the  ATC tower.

3.       What is RADAR? State its types.

A radio detection device which provides information

on range, azimuth and/or elevation of objects.

TYPES:

i. Primary radar

ii. Secondary radar.

4.       What are the other types of landing other than conventional landing?

i. Instrument Landing.

ii. Microwave landing.

iii. Trend-type landing.

5.       What is flight plan?

Information relative to an intended flight (or) position of a flight to be provided to the ATS unit should be in the form of flight plan

6.       What is air traffic service?

A service provided within advisory airspace to ensure separation between the aircraft operating in the IFR region is called as Air traffic advisory service. (ATAS)

7.       What is aerodrome reference code?

The code which is used to identify the aerodrome when the aircraft is on air is called as aerodrome reference code.

This code is composed of two elements:

ELEMENT 1:

It gives the reference field length of the aeroplane.

EX: 1, 2, 3, 4,

ELEMENT 2:

It is based on the aeroplane wingspan and outer main gear wheel span.

EX:   A to F

8.       What is obstacle clearance altitude?

Obstacle clearance  altitude (OCA) or obstacle clearance height (OCH). The lowest altitude or the lowest height above the elevation of the relevant runway threshold or the aerodrome elevation as applicable, used in establishing compliance with appropriate obstacle clearance criteria.

9.       What are minimum lightning requirements of aerodrome?

When the aircraft is on air, the pilot should view the runway from the designated approach point. This will be provided at day times by marking systems. During night time, the markings shall not be viewed properly, so lighting systems are used.

A simple approach lighting system is shown is above diagram. This diagram shows the approach system for runway of code  no 3 or 4.

It consists of row of lights on the extended centre line of the runway extends over a distance not less than 420 m from the threshold

10.   What is runway visual range?

Runway  visual range. The range over which the pilot of an aircraft on the centre line of a runway can see the runway surface markings or the lights delineating the runway or identifying its centre line.

QUESTION PAPER-IV

1.  What are the objectives of ATS?

Air traffic service is provided for the purpose of preventing collisions between aircrafts and on the maneuvering area between aircraft and obstacles. It also maintains a orderly flow of air traffic

2.  List the parts of ATC service.

                ATCS is divided in to three types:

1. Air control service

2. Approach control service

               3. Aerodrome control service

3. How is air space separated?

Based on the

(i) Type of flight

ii) ATC provided to the aircraft.

The airspaces are classified as follows

Ø  CLASS A

Ø  CLASS B

Ø  CLASS C

Ø  CLASS D

Ø  CLASS E

Ø  CLASS F

Ø  CLASS G

4. What is RNAV?

A method of navigation which permits the aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage area of appropriate ATS is called as reference area navigation. The route which is followed along with navigational aids is called as area navigation route.

5. What is RADAR?

RADAR is defined as it is an Radio transmitter and it is used to locate affected aircrafts.

TYPES:

i. Primary radar

ii. Secondary radar.

6. What ire flight information services?

A service is provided for the purpose of giving advice and information for the safe and efficient conduct of flights is called as FIS. A unit which provides the flight information service and alerting service is called as FLIGHT INFORMATION CENTRE.

FIS shall be provided to all aircrafts likely to be affected by information and which are

(a) Provided within ATCS

(b) Or known to relevant ATC units

7. What is aerodrome data?

                Aerodrome data is one which is used to provide the following,

                i. Aircraft departure time check.

                ii. Departure information.

iii. RUNWAY (number), WIND (direction and speed), QNH (detail),TEMPERATURE (detail),  [VISIBILITY   FOR TAKE-OFF(detail) (or RVR (detail))].

8. Enumerate aerodrome reference codes.

The code which is used to identify the aerodrome when the aircraft is on air is called as aerodrome reference code.

This code is composed of two elements:

ELEMENT 1:

It gives the reference field length of the aeroplane.

EX: 1, 2, 3, 4,

ELEMENT 2:

It is based on the aeroplane wingspan and outer main gear wheel span.

EX:   A to F

9. What are IFR and VFR?

                Instrument flight rules (IFR) can be applied to the flights in which instruments are used to                            control the aircraft on air and on ground.

                VFR:

Ø  The visual flight rule can be applicable for all classes of flights from class A to class G.

Ø  The VFR can be used only when the aircraft is flying in the VMC region.

Ø  The aircraft which is moving below 450 from the ground visibility region can follow VFR.

Ø  The aircraft should get proper approval from ATC in order to use VFR for landing and takeoff.

10. What is aerodrome beacon? Where it is located?

                Aerodrome is an circling guidance lights and it is located on the runway of the airports.

QUESTION PAPER-V

1. What are the two basic types of flight rules?

Ø  VISUAL FLIGHT RULES (VFR)

Ø  INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES (IFR)

2. What are three components of ATC network?

1. Air control service

2. Approach control service

3. Aerodrome control service.

3. Define RNAV.

A method of navigation which permits the aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage area of appropriate ATS is called as reference area navigation. The route which is followed along with navigational aids is called as area navigation route

4. Define RADAR.

A radio detection device which provides information on range, azimuth and/or elevation of objects.

TYPES:

i. Primary radar

ii. Secondary radar.

5. What is runway visual range?

Runway visual range. The range over which the pilot of an aircraft on the centre line of a runway can see the runway surface markings or the lights delineating the runway or identifying its centre line.

6. What is mean by basic runway length?

A defined rectangular area on land prepared for landing and takeoff of aircraft is called as runway. There are two types of runways.

1. NON-PRECISION APPROACH RUNWAY

2. PRECISION APPROACH RUNWAY.

7. Define Aerodrome.

A defined area on land or water intended to be used for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft.

8. What is meant by NTZ?

No transgression zone (NTZ). In the context of independent parallel approaches, a corridor of airspace of defined dimensions located centrally between the two extended runway centre lines, where a penetration by an aircraft requires a controller intervention to maneuver any threatened aircraft on the adjacent approach.

9. What are the six groups of the airport markings?

1. Runway marking

2. Taxiway marking

3. Stop way marking

10. Define terminal control area.

Terminal control area. A control area normally established at the confluence of ATS routes in the vicinity of one or more major aerodromes.